Bioluminescence in Florida is a fascinating example of nature’s ability to harness chemical energy and produce visible light. This natural phenomenon can be observed in different places in the world like Japan, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Taiwan, Maldives, New Zealand, Australia, Cambodia, and Vietnam. However, you don’t need to travel that far to experience this natural wonder, you can find it in Florida’s Atlantic Coast!
There are numerous places along the A1A highway coastline and its surrounding waters to experience bioluminescence. This is particularly true for the Space Coast, but this natural wonder can also be found in the First Coast, Treasure Coast, and Florida Keys.
1. What Is Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by living organisms, like certain fungi, bacteria, fireflies, jellyfish, and some deep-sea creatures. This light that we see is the result of a chemical reaction that occurs in specialized cells or organelles, involving a molecule called luciferin, which produces light when it reacts with oxygen, and an enzyme called luciferase.
The light produced can serve various purposes, including attracting mates in the case of fireflies, camouflage by helping creatures blend into light coming through from above, such as in the deep ocean, luring prey for some predators like anglerfish, and a defense mechanism to confuse or deter predators.
Bioluminescence in Florida is primarily caused by microscopic plankton, such as dinoflagellates. When disturbed, these tiny organisms emit light creating a glowing effect in the water. The two most common species responsible for this phenomenon are pyrodinium bahamense and lingulodinium polyedrum.
Pyrodinium bahamense is a species of dinoflagellate known for producing bright, blue-green light. Lingulodinium polyedrum is another species of dinoflagellate that can cause glowing waters, often in large numbers during specific times of the year. Some fish, jellyfish, and other marine creatures contribute to bioluminescence, but it is the plankton that typically causes the most noticeable, widespread glow.
When you paddle a kayak or boat through the water, or even swim in these areas at night, the disturbance causes the plankton to emit light which creates glowing trails in the water. It is truly a stunning sight, especially when the water is still and dark, allowing the light to stand out.
Human activities, pollution, and changes in water quality can affect the abundance of dinoflagellates, so efforts to preserve the delicate balance of the ecosystem help ensure that bioluminescence continues to be a part of Florida’s natural wonders.
2. Best Locations to See Bioluminescence
A. First Coast
Bioluminescence tends to be rare and unpredictable in this area, however it is not impossible! You might see comb jellies or light bioluminescent plankton in warm summers. The best location for bioluminescence in this area is the Guana River near St. Augustine during new moons in peak summer.
B. Space Coast
The Space Coast is a prime location to witness this natural phenomenon in East Florida. The absolutely best location to see bioluminescence in Florida is the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge near Titusville and the Haulover Canal. Dinoflagellates are visible during summer months, and comb jellies in winter. Since it is an area highly rich in wildlife, you can also spot manatees, dolphins, and birds for an enhanced kayaking or standup paddle boarding experience.
The Indian River Lagoon near Cocoa Beach, Merritt Island, and Melbourne, is also a fantastic place for bioluminescence. Warm, shallow, and protected water are the ideal conditions to see dinoflagellates and comb jellies.
The Banana River Lagoon in the Satellite Beach area is also a great spot to view these glowing organisms in a quieter environment with less crowds.
C. Treasure Coast
Bioluminescence can also be seen in Sebastian Inlet, as it is still part of Indian River system, near Vero Beach, although the visibility is moderate and varies by year. This area is good for quieter trips as it less crowded.
The Loxahatchee River near Jupiter also offers occasional sightings of bioluminescence. Comb jellies are sometimes seen in estuarine waters during warm and calm late summer nights.
D. Florida Keys
There are two spots in the Florida Keys were you can encounter bioluminescence. One of them is in the Key Largo and Islamorada areas where you can partake in kayaking, standup paddle boarding and snorkeling excursions. Although visibility is spotty, it is possible to see comb jellies more than plankton.
Another area is Key West, where you can take night paddles through the backcountry mangroves channels. Although the visibility is not super intense, it can be a peaceful and magical experience.
3. Best Time to See Bioluminescence
Bioluminescent displays are visible from late spring to early fall, so May to October. It is most visible during the summer months (June to September), as the plankton thrive in warmer waters.
In addition to warm temperatures, the water’s salinity, moon phases, and weather conditions (like calm nights) can influence the intensity and visibility of the bioluminescence. The displays are best after dark, so after 9 p.m., and in full darkness during new moons. They are also more intense when the water is disturbed by movement, such as swimming, kayaking, or boating.
Witnessing bioluminescence in Florida is a magical experience, with the glowing waters creating a surreal atmosphere, perfect for a nighttime adventure and an unforgettable outdoor date idea. This unique aspect of Florida’s wildlife and beauty is one of the many natural wonders you can enjoy along the FloridA1A coastline.
